To identify and evaluate the system's potential effects: What is the central purpose of this activity?

An impact assessment evaluates a system's potential effects and harms on people and society to guide mitigation.

The question

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1. To measure the system's inference latency and throughput so the supporting infrastructure can be sized for expected production traffic.

   Plausible as pre-deployment testing, but that is performance benchmarking, not an assessment of impacts and harms.
2. To identify and evaluate the system's potential effects and harms on individuals, groups, and society so risks can be mitigated. ✓

   Correct because an impact assessment systematically evaluates a system's potential effects and harms to inform risk mitigation before deployment.
3. To calculate the projected return on investment and payback period so leadership can approve the project's budget.

   Plausible as a business case, but financial ROI analysis is not the purpose of an impact assessment.
4. To verify that the source code compiles cleanly and passes all of its unit tests before it is promoted to production.

   Plausible as engineering practice, but code verification is quality assurance, not evaluation of the system's societal impacts.

How to remember it

An impact assessment evaluates a system's potential effects and harms on people and society to guide mitigation.

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