Copyright can restrict copying protected works: From an intellectual-property standpoint, which is the most

Copyright can restrict copying protected works for training, so a license or valid exception may be required.

The question

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1. Copyright never applies to text once it is published online, so any public article is entirely free to use for training.

   Wrong: publication does not remove copyright protection.
2. Trademark law, not copyright, is what governs whether the vendor may reproduce the articles inside a training data set.

   Plausible but wrong: reproducing articles is a copyright question, not a trademark one.
3. Patent law grants the vendor an automatic right to reuse any published article so long as it provides proper attribution.

   Wrong: patents do not grant rights to reuse copyrighted text, and attribution does not cure infringement.
4. Copyright can restrict copying protected works for training, so a license or a valid exception may well be required. ✓

   Correct: copying protected works into a training set implicates copyright, so a license or exception may be needed.

How to remember it

Copyright can restrict copying protected works for training, so a license or valid exception may be required.

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